The Hidden Cost of Poor Airflow in High-Performance Commercial Buildings

Poor airflow in commercial buildings leads to higher energy bills, reduced indoor air quality, and HVAC wear. Learn how to identify and solv

Ava Montini

Mar 24, 2025

Written by

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Why airflow inefficiencies drive up costs, compromise indoor air quality, and create hidden challenges for facility managers

Most commercial and institutional buildings today are designed with performance and efficiency in mind. Energy benchmarks, ESG goals, and occupant well-being are often front and center. But despite those efforts, one critical element of building performance is consistently underdiagnosed: airflow.

Poor airflow can silently affect every corner of your building’s operations — from higher energy consumption and HVAC maintenance costs to reduced indoor air quality (IAQ) and missed sustainability opportunities. It rarely shows up as a red flag on day one, but over time, it chips away at performance in ways that are both measurable and avoidable.

Inefficient Airflow Increases Energy Use — Even in “Efficient” Buildings

In many commercial buildings, HVAC systems account for roughly 30–40% of total energy consumption, according to Natural Resources Canada and ASHRAE. But when airflow is restricted, that percentage can climb significantly.

The most common culprits are high-resistance filters, dirty or aging ductwork, unbalanced systems, or outdated fans. These conditions increase static pressure, which forces HVAC fans to work harder and longer to achieve required airflow levels.

According to a study by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), buildings with airflow-related HVAC issues can see energy use increase by up to 30% compared to optimized systems. [1]

Even minor issues can have an outsized impact. A 100,000 sq. ft. office building experiencing elevated fan energy use due to clogged filters or inefficient duct design could face annual utility costs tens of thousands of dollars higher than necessary. For building owners managing multiple sites, that inefficiency compounds quickly.

Airflow and Indoor Air Quality Are Closely Linked

Buildings are dynamic systems, and air quality tends to suffer when airflow is compromised. Insufficient airflow can lead to poor ventilation, uneven air distribution, and pockets of stagnation in rooms or zones. These areas often experience elevated levels of carbon dioxide (CO₂), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and particulate matter — especially in high-occupancy spaces.

A 2015 study from Harvard’s T.H. Chan School of Public Health found that employees working in well-ventilated buildings performed 61% better on cognitive tasks than those in typical buildings with poor ventilation and air quality. [2]

In schools, researchers have found that students in classrooms with improved ventilation perform better on standardized tests. [3] In healthcare facilities, inadequate air movement can increase the risk of airborne illness transmission.

Common complaints like “stuffy rooms,” temperature inconsistencies, or fatigue can often be traced back to airflow and ventilation issues — even when temperature setpoints and filtration standards are technically being met.

Poor Airflow Wears Down HVAC Systems Faster

Inefficient airflow costs more on your energy bill and accelerates mechanical wear and tear. When fan motors, compressors, and dampers are forced to operate under continuous load, components degrade faster than expected.

This leads to:

More frequent repairs and service calls
Shortened equipment lifespan
Greater downtime and occupant discomfort during peak seasons

A study from the National Air Duct Cleaners Association (NADCA) notes that air distribution restrictions are a key factor in premature HVAC failure and reduced system capacity. [4]

The cost of replacing a rooftop unit, for example, can range from $10,000 to $25,000, depending on building size and complexity — not including indirect costs from temporary system downtime.

Sustainability Targets Can Be Quietly Undermined

Many facilities today are pursuing ESG goals, LEED certification, or local emissions reduction mandates. But airflow inefficiencies can quietly work against those targets by increasing Scope 2 emissions (energy-related emissions) and filter waste.

High-resistance air filters, mainly traditional pleated filters, can contribute to this in two ways:

Increased energy use due to pressure drop
Frequent changeouts, leading to more waste and landfill contribution

According to a 2021 study in Building and Environment, filter pressure drop is one of the most overlooked contributors to unnecessary HVAC energy use — especially when filters are overused or under-maintained. [5]

If a building claims progress in sustainability, it’s important to ensure that filtration and airflow practices align with those claims—both from an energy and waste standpoint.

Missed Opportunities for Incentives and Cost Recovery

One of the lesser-known downsides of inefficient airflow is the lost opportunity to qualify for energy retrofit incentives.

Many utility and government programs across North America offer rebates, grants, or low-interest financing for businesses upgrading HVAC systems, controls, and low-pressure filtration. But to be eligible, buildings often need to demonstrate quantifiable improvements in system performance.

For example, Ontario’s Save on Energy Retrofit Program offers up to 50% of project costs for energy-efficiency upgrades, including those related to ventilation, air handling units, and demand control ventilation systems. [6]

Without data on airflow improvement or energy reduction — or without addressing underlying airflow inefficiencies — buildings may fail to qualify, leaving funding on the table.

Practical Steps to Address Airflow Challenges

The good news is that improving airflow doesn’t require a major capital project. Many impactful changes can be made within existing operations and maintenance cycles.

Here’s where most facilities can start:

Conduct a static pressure and airflow assessment to identify bottlenecks
Replace high-pressure filters with low-pressure, high-efficiency alternatives
Balance and tune your HVAC system, especially if zones have changed due to new usage patterns
Install real-time IAQ monitors to detect issues as they emerge, not after complaints arise
Track filter changeouts and energy use to capture data for future incentive applications

These strategies are already being implemented in facilities across North America — and in most cases, they deliver measurable improvements in energy efficiency, equipment reliability, and occupant satisfaction.

Airflow may not be the most visible part of your building, but it’s one of the most influential. When ignored, it quietly drives up energy costs, reduces system lifespan, and compromises air quality.

For facility managers and business owners focused on performance, sustainability, and operational clarity, airflow should be on the radar — not just as a maintenance metric but as a lever for long-term efficiency and resilience.

Addressing airflow challenges is a straightforward, high-ROI step that supports healthier, more cost-effective, and future-ready buildings.

What is Green Finance? And How it Can Benefit Your Business

Jennifer Crowley
Aug 2, 2023
3 min read

Updated: Jul 19, 2024

Leaf cutting growing from a pile of coins atop a wooden table — Green financing broadens access to environmentally-friendly goods and services for individuals and enterprises, equalizing the transition to a low-carbon society and resulting in more socially inclusive growth.

Green finance is a loan or investment that promotes environmentally-positive activities, such as purchasing ecologically-friendly goods and services or constructing green infrastructure. As the hazards connected to ecologically destructive products and services rise, green finance is becoming a mainstream phenomenon.

What is the Benefit of Green Financing?

Green financing broadens access to environmentally-friendly goods and services for individuals and enterprises, equalizing the transition to a low-carbon society and resulting in more socially inclusive growth. This results in a ‘great green multiplier’ effect in which both the economy and the environment gain, making it a win-win situation for everyone.

Environmental Impact

a. Climate Change Mitigation: Green financing plays a crucial role in funding projects that help mitigate climate change, such as renewable energy generation, energy-efficient technologies, and carbon capture and storage. By supporting these initiatives, green financing contributes to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and transitioning to a low-carbon economy.

b. Conservation of Natural Resources: Green financing supports projects aimed at preserving and restoring ecosystems, protecting biodiversity, and promoting sustainable agriculture and forestry. These initiatives help conserve natural resources, enhance biodiversity, and promote sustainable land and water management practices.

c. Transition to a Circular Economy: Green financing encourages projects that promote the principles of a circular economy, such as recycling, waste reduction, and sustainable production practices. This shift from a linear “take-make-dispose” model to a circular approach helps reduce resource consumption, minimize waste generation, and promote sustainable consumption patterns.

Economic Advantages

a. Market Opportunities: Green financing creates new market opportunities by supporting the development and deployment of clean technologies and sustainable infrastructure. This can drive economic growth, innovation, and competitiveness, particularly in sectors such as renewable energy, green construction, and sustainable transportation.

b. Risk Mitigation: Green financing can help mitigate financial risks associated with climate change, resource scarcity, and environmental regulations. By supporting projects that promote sustainability, financial institutions and investors can reduce exposure to stranded assets, regulatory penalties, and reputational risks.

c. Cost Savings: Green financing promotes energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy sources, leading to cost savings for businesses and households in the long run. Energy-efficient buildings, for example, have lower operating costs, reduced energy consumption, and increased asset value.

Social Implications

a. Job Creation: Green financing can stimulate the growth of green industries such as renewable energy, energy efficiency, and sustainable infrastructure. This can lead to the creation of new job opportunities, both directly and indirectly, contributing to economic development and reducing unemployment rates.

b. Health Benefits: Green financing promotes projects that aim to reduce pollution and improve environmental conditions. This can have positive effects on public health by decreasing air and water pollution, thereby reducing the incidence of respiratory and other environmentally-related diseases.

c. Community Development: Green financing supports projects that enhance community resilience, such as sustainable housing, clean transportation, and access to renewable energy. These initiatives can improve living conditions and promote social equity by providing affordable and sustainable solutions to communities, including those that are traditionally underserved.

Types of Green Financing

Now that we have an understanding of what green finance is, let’s explore its different types:

Green Mortgages

Lenders provide better terms to home purchasers of properties with a high environmental sustainability rating or if the buyer agrees to invest in enhancing the environmental performance of a property.

Green Loans

Green loans are used to support environmental initiatives such as household solar panels, electric automobiles, energy efficiency projects, and more.

Green Credit Cards

Often considered to be a type of credit card that donates a portion of your eligible purchases to an organization that invests in climate action and/or partners with carbon mitigation programs to help you reduce your carbon footprint.

Green credit cards such as Aspirations’ Zero card plant a tree every time a customer makes a purchase. They enable customers to direct their expenditure toward green finance to have a lasting environmental impact.

Green Banks

Green banks employ public funds to spur private investment in renewable energy and other environmentally friendly initiatives. According to a 2020 research, the number of green banks in the US increased from one to 20 between 2011 and 2020, investing $7 billion in renewable energy.

Green Bonds

Green bonds account for the vast bulk of green funding. They include bond investments, the earnings from which are used to support various green initiatives such as renewable energy, clean transportation, and conservation, among others.

Green Financing vs Sustainable Financing

Green finance is a loan or investment that promotes environmentally-positive activities, such as the purchase of ecologically-friendly goods and services or the construction of green infrastructure.

Sustainable finance is an improvement of green finance, aiming to increase long-term investments in sustainable economic activities and projects but also taking into consideration environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues and risks.

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