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The Hidden Cost of Poor Airflow in High-Performance Commercial Buildings

Poor airflow in commercial buildings leads to higher energy bills, reduced indoor air quality, and HVAC wear. Learn how to identify and solv

Ava Montini

Mar 24, 2025

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Why airflow inefficiencies drive up costs, compromise indoor air quality, and create hidden challenges for facility managers


Most commercial and institutional buildings today are designed with performance and efficiency in mind. Energy benchmarks, ESG goals, and occupant well-being are often front and center. But despite those efforts, one critical element of building performance is consistently underdiagnosed: airflow.


Poor airflow can silently affect every corner of your building’s operations — from higher energy consumption and HVAC maintenance costs to reduced indoor air quality (IAQ) and missed sustainability opportunities. It rarely shows up as a red flag on day one, but over time, it chips away at performance in ways that are both measurable and avoidable.


Inefficient Airflow Increases Energy Use — Even in “Efficient” Buildings

In many commercial buildings, HVAC systems account for roughly 30–40% of total energy consumption, according to Natural Resources Canada and ASHRAE. But when airflow is restricted, that percentage can climb significantly.


The most common culprits are high-resistance filters, dirty or aging ductwork, unbalanced systems, or outdated fans. These conditions increase static pressure, which forces HVAC fans to work harder and longer to achieve required airflow levels.


According to a study by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), buildings with airflow-related HVAC issues can see energy use increase by up to 30% compared to optimized systems. [1]


Even minor issues can have an outsized impact. A 100,000 sq. ft. office building experiencing elevated fan energy use due to clogged filters or inefficient duct design could face annual utility costs tens of thousands of dollars higher than necessary. For building owners managing multiple sites, that inefficiency compounds quickly.


Airflow and Indoor Air Quality Are Closely Linked


Buildings are dynamic systems, and air quality tends to suffer when airflow is compromised. Insufficient airflow can lead to poor ventilation, uneven air distribution, and pockets of stagnation in rooms or zones. These areas often experience elevated levels of carbon dioxide (CO₂), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and particulate matter — especially in high-occupancy spaces.


A 2015 study from Harvard’s T.H. Chan School of Public Health found that employees working in well-ventilated buildings performed 61% better on cognitive tasks than those in typical buildings with poor ventilation and air quality. [2]


In schools, researchers have found that students in classrooms with improved ventilation perform better on standardized tests. [3] In healthcare facilities, inadequate air movement can increase the risk of airborne illness transmission.


Common complaints like “stuffy rooms,” temperature inconsistencies, or fatigue can often be traced back to airflow and ventilation issues — even when temperature setpoints and filtration standards are technically being met.


Poor Airflow Wears Down HVAC Systems Faster


Inefficient airflow costs more on your energy bill and accelerates mechanical wear and tear. When fan motors, compressors, and dampers are forced to operate under continuous load, components degrade faster than expected.


This leads to:

  • More frequent repairs and service calls

  • Shortened equipment lifespan

  • Greater downtime and occupant discomfort during peak seasons


A study from the National Air Duct Cleaners Association (NADCA) notes that air distribution restrictions are a key factor in premature HVAC failure and reduced system capacity. [4]


The cost of replacing a rooftop unit, for example, can range from $10,000 to $25,000, depending on building size and complexity — not including indirect costs from temporary system downtime.


Sustainability Targets Can Be Quietly Undermined


Many facilities today are pursuing ESG goals, LEED certification, or local emissions reduction mandates. But airflow inefficiencies can quietly work against those targets by increasing Scope 2 emissions (energy-related emissions) and filter waste.


High-resistance air filters, mainly traditional pleated filters, can contribute to this in two ways:

  1. Increased energy use due to pressure drop

  2. Frequent changeouts, leading to more waste and landfill contribution


According to a 2021 study in Building and Environment, filter pressure drop is one of the most overlooked contributors to unnecessary HVAC energy use — especially when filters are overused or under-maintained. [5]


If a building claims progress in sustainability, it’s important to ensure that filtration and airflow practices align with those claims—both from an energy and waste standpoint.


Missed Opportunities for Incentives and Cost Recovery


One of the lesser-known downsides of inefficient airflow is the lost opportunity to qualify for energy retrofit incentives.


Many utility and government programs across North America offer rebates, grants, or low-interest financing for businesses upgrading HVAC systems, controls, and low-pressure filtration. But to be eligible, buildings often need to demonstrate quantifiable improvements in system performance.


For example, Ontario’s Save on Energy Retrofit Program offers up to 50% of project costs for energy-efficiency upgrades, including those related to ventilation, air handling units, and demand control ventilation systems. [6]


Without data on airflow improvement or energy reduction — or without addressing underlying airflow inefficiencies — buildings may fail to qualify, leaving funding on the table.


Practical Steps to Address Airflow Challenges


The good news is that improving airflow doesn’t require a major capital project. Many impactful changes can be made within existing operations and maintenance cycles.


Here’s where most facilities can start:

  • Conduct a static pressure and airflow assessment to identify bottlenecks

  • Replace high-pressure filters with low-pressure, high-efficiency alternatives

  • Balance and tune your HVAC system, especially if zones have changed due to new usage patterns

  • Install real-time IAQ monitors to detect issues as they emerge, not after complaints arise

  • Track filter changeouts and energy use to capture data for future incentive applications


These strategies are already being implemented in facilities across North America — and in most cases, they deliver measurable improvements in energy efficiency, equipment reliability, and occupant satisfaction.



Airflow may not be the most visible part of your building, but it’s one of the most influential. When ignored, it quietly drives up energy costs, reduces system lifespan, and compromises air quality.


For facility managers and business owners focused on performance, sustainability, and operational clarity, airflow should be on the radar — not just as a maintenance metric but as a lever for long-term efficiency and resilience.


Addressing airflow challenges is a straightforward, high-ROI step that supports healthier, more cost-effective, and future-ready buildings.

Do Air Purifiers Help with Dust?

  • Writer: Jennifer Crowley
    Jennifer Crowley
  • Jul 30, 2023
  • 3 min read

Updated: Jul 9, 2024

Blurry image of a woman in the background, with a thick ray of dust in the foreground
High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters effectively remove small particles from the air, including dust, pollen, and pet dander.

Dust is common in all indoor spaces; you’ll find it in your office, home, and almost every building you enter. But just because it’s common, it does not mean we should ignore its potentially harmful effects on our health. Let’s take a closer look a what dust is, its health effects and how we can improve our indoor air quality by better managing dust.


Sources of Dust

We must understand what’s in the air we breathe, as dust can come from various sources in the indoor environment.

Some of the most common sources of dust include:

  1. Outdoor Pollutants: Pollen, dirt, and other outdoor pollutants can easily make their way into our homes through open windows, doors, and ventilation systems. In areas with high pollution levels, these outdoor particles can be a major source of indoor dust.

  2. Human and Pet Dander: Skin cells, hair, and other organic matter shed by humans and pets can contribute to dust in the indoor environment. Even if you don’t have pets, your own skin cells and hair can add to the amount of dust in your home.

  3. Pollen: Pollen from plants can enter our homes through open windows and doors, as well as on our clothing and shoes. If you suffer from allergies, this can be a significant source of indoor dust, exacerbating your symptoms.

  4. Everyday Products: Cleaning products and air fresheners can release chemicals and particles into the air that contribute to indoor dust. These products can include volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can have adverse health effects when inhaled.


Dust Mites

Dust mites are tiny arachnids (not insects) commonly found in household dust. They are microscopic and cannot be seen with the naked eye. Dust mites feed on dead skin cells shed by humans and animals, which are commonly found in household dust. They thrive in warm and humid environments, making bedding, upholstered furniture, and carpeting ideal habitats. Dust mites are not harmful to most people, but some may experience allergic reactions to their waste products, which can cause symptoms such as sneezing, a runny nose, and itchy eyes.

Here are some additional facts about dust in indoor spaces:

  1. An average person sheds 1.5 grams of skin flakes daily, which may not seem like a lot, but that’s enough to feed a million dust mites.

  2. The excrement of dust mites is recognized as a significant indoor allergen that can trigger allergic reactions and asthma symptoms in people.

  3. Roughly four out of five homes in the United States have detectable dust mite allergen levels in at least one bed.


Health Effects

Inhaling dust can have various negative health effects, particularly for those with allergies, asthma, or other respiratory problems. Dust particles can be small enough to enter the lungs and cause irritation and inflammation, leading to various respiratory symptoms.

Here are some of the specific health effects associated with inhaling dust:

  1. Allergies: Dust is a common allergen and can trigger allergic reactions in some people. Symptoms of dust allergies can include sneezing, itchy or watery eyes, a runny nose, and congestion. In some cases, dust allergies can even trigger asthma symptoms.

  2. Asthma: Inhaling dust can trigger asthma attacks in people with asthma. Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation of the airways, which can lead to symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, and difficulty breathing.

  3. Respiratory Problems: Inhaling dust can also cause other respiratory problems, such as bronchitis, pneumonia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).


Dust Management

There are several ways to manage dust in the indoor environment. Here are some tips:

  1. Regular Cleaning: Regular cleaning is one of the most effective ways to manage dust accumulation. This includes vacuuming carpets and furniture, dusting surfaces, and wiping down counters and floors.

  2. Vacuuming: Use a vacuum cleaner to remove dust from carpets and upholstery effectively.

  3. Dusting: Use a damp or microfiber cloth to dust surfaces, which helps trap dust instead of spreading it around.

  4. Air Purifying: Consider using an air purifier with a HEPA filter to remove dust particles from the air.

  5. Changing HVAC Filters: Regularly changing HVAC filters prevents dust and debris from accumulating on the filter, ensuring the HVAC system is performing effectively.


Can Air Purifiers Help With Dust?

Blade Air's HEPA Air Purifier sitting in the hall outside an office boardroom
The Blade Air HEPA air purifiers remove dust, and also use an active carbon filter to absorb unwanted odours, VOCs and organic compounds, creating that crisp, fresh air feel.

High-efficiency particulate Air (HEPA) filters effectively remove small particles from the air, including dust, pollen, and pet dander.


A true HEPA filter is rated to capture particles at 0.3 microns in size with 99.97% efficiency, but it can also capture much larger and smaller particles. Although an air purifier can help with dust, it cannot remove particles altogether; with regular use, it can provide a significant reduction in household dust.


The Blade Air HEPA air purifiers go a step further by incorporating an active carbon filter to absorb unwanted odours, VOCs and organic compounds, creating that crisp, fresh air feel. Engineered to maximize clean air delivery rates, our air purifiers feature a comprehensive multi-stage filtration process to ensure a completely clean air environment in any deployed indoor setting.

Explore expert insights, stay up to date with industry events, and gain a deeper understanding of the cutting-edge developments that are revolutionizing the indoor air quality landscape within Blade Air's comprehensive Insights Hub.

You can also subscribe to our monthly newsletter below for exclusive early access to Blade's Insights content, uncovering tomorrow's air quality advancements before they hit our Hub.

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