The Hidden Cost of Poor Airflow in High-Performance Commercial Buildings

Poor airflow in commercial buildings leads to higher energy bills, reduced indoor air quality, and HVAC wear. Learn how to identify and solv

Ava Montini

Mar 24, 2025

Written by

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Why airflow inefficiencies drive up costs, compromise indoor air quality, and create hidden challenges for facility managers

Most commercial and institutional buildings today are designed with performance and efficiency in mind. Energy benchmarks, ESG goals, and occupant well-being are often front and center. But despite those efforts, one critical element of building performance is consistently underdiagnosed: airflow.

Poor airflow can silently affect every corner of your building’s operations — from higher energy consumption and HVAC maintenance costs to reduced indoor air quality (IAQ) and missed sustainability opportunities. It rarely shows up as a red flag on day one, but over time, it chips away at performance in ways that are both measurable and avoidable.

Inefficient Airflow Increases Energy Use — Even in “Efficient” Buildings

In many commercial buildings, HVAC systems account for roughly 30–40% of total energy consumption, according to Natural Resources Canada and ASHRAE. But when airflow is restricted, that percentage can climb significantly.

The most common culprits are high-resistance filters, dirty or aging ductwork, unbalanced systems, or outdated fans. These conditions increase static pressure, which forces HVAC fans to work harder and longer to achieve required airflow levels.

According to a study by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), buildings with airflow-related HVAC issues can see energy use increase by up to 30% compared to optimized systems. [1]

Even minor issues can have an outsized impact. A 100,000 sq. ft. office building experiencing elevated fan energy use due to clogged filters or inefficient duct design could face annual utility costs tens of thousands of dollars higher than necessary. For building owners managing multiple sites, that inefficiency compounds quickly.

Airflow and Indoor Air Quality Are Closely Linked

Buildings are dynamic systems, and air quality tends to suffer when airflow is compromised. Insufficient airflow can lead to poor ventilation, uneven air distribution, and pockets of stagnation in rooms or zones. These areas often experience elevated levels of carbon dioxide (CO₂), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and particulate matter — especially in high-occupancy spaces.

A 2015 study from Harvard’s T.H. Chan School of Public Health found that employees working in well-ventilated buildings performed 61% better on cognitive tasks than those in typical buildings with poor ventilation and air quality. [2]

In schools, researchers have found that students in classrooms with improved ventilation perform better on standardized tests. [3] In healthcare facilities, inadequate air movement can increase the risk of airborne illness transmission.

Common complaints like “stuffy rooms,” temperature inconsistencies, or fatigue can often be traced back to airflow and ventilation issues — even when temperature setpoints and filtration standards are technically being met.

Poor Airflow Wears Down HVAC Systems Faster

Inefficient airflow costs more on your energy bill and accelerates mechanical wear and tear. When fan motors, compressors, and dampers are forced to operate under continuous load, components degrade faster than expected.

This leads to:

More frequent repairs and service calls
Shortened equipment lifespan
Greater downtime and occupant discomfort during peak seasons

A study from the National Air Duct Cleaners Association (NADCA) notes that air distribution restrictions are a key factor in premature HVAC failure and reduced system capacity. [4]

The cost of replacing a rooftop unit, for example, can range from $10,000 to $25,000, depending on building size and complexity — not including indirect costs from temporary system downtime.

Sustainability Targets Can Be Quietly Undermined

Many facilities today are pursuing ESG goals, LEED certification, or local emissions reduction mandates. But airflow inefficiencies can quietly work against those targets by increasing Scope 2 emissions (energy-related emissions) and filter waste.

High-resistance air filters, mainly traditional pleated filters, can contribute to this in two ways:

Increased energy use due to pressure drop
Frequent changeouts, leading to more waste and landfill contribution

According to a 2021 study in Building and Environment, filter pressure drop is one of the most overlooked contributors to unnecessary HVAC energy use — especially when filters are overused or under-maintained. [5]

If a building claims progress in sustainability, it’s important to ensure that filtration and airflow practices align with those claims—both from an energy and waste standpoint.

Missed Opportunities for Incentives and Cost Recovery

One of the lesser-known downsides of inefficient airflow is the lost opportunity to qualify for energy retrofit incentives.

Many utility and government programs across North America offer rebates, grants, or low-interest financing for businesses upgrading HVAC systems, controls, and low-pressure filtration. But to be eligible, buildings often need to demonstrate quantifiable improvements in system performance.

For example, Ontario’s Save on Energy Retrofit Program offers up to 50% of project costs for energy-efficiency upgrades, including those related to ventilation, air handling units, and demand control ventilation systems. [6]

Without data on airflow improvement or energy reduction — or without addressing underlying airflow inefficiencies — buildings may fail to qualify, leaving funding on the table.

Practical Steps to Address Airflow Challenges

The good news is that improving airflow doesn’t require a major capital project. Many impactful changes can be made within existing operations and maintenance cycles.

Here’s where most facilities can start:

Conduct a static pressure and airflow assessment to identify bottlenecks
Replace high-pressure filters with low-pressure, high-efficiency alternatives
Balance and tune your HVAC system, especially if zones have changed due to new usage patterns
Install real-time IAQ monitors to detect issues as they emerge, not after complaints arise
Track filter changeouts and energy use to capture data for future incentive applications

These strategies are already being implemented in facilities across North America — and in most cases, they deliver measurable improvements in energy efficiency, equipment reliability, and occupant satisfaction.

Airflow may not be the most visible part of your building, but it’s one of the most influential. When ignored, it quietly drives up energy costs, reduces system lifespan, and compromises air quality.

For facility managers and business owners focused on performance, sustainability, and operational clarity, airflow should be on the radar — not just as a maintenance metric but as a lever for long-term efficiency and resilience.

Addressing airflow challenges is a straightforward, high-ROI step that supports healthier, more cost-effective, and future-ready buildings.

Charting Tomorrow: 2024 Technology Trends in Commercial Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Monitoring

Jennifer Crowley
Feb 6, 2024
2 min read

Updated: Jul 8, 2024

Mans hand accessing Indoor Air Quality monitor sensor in his industrial place of business — 2024 is poised to be a pivotal moment in the evolution of IAQ monitoring tech for commercial spaces.

In the dynamic landscape of commercial spaces, 2024 is set to usher in transformative advancements in Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) monitoring technologies. As businesses increasingly prioritize the well-being of their occupants, the integration of smart sensors and Internet of Things (IoT) will be instrumental in transitioning IAQ systems from simple air quality monitors to integral components of energy management systems. By enabling precise control and monitoring through smart sensors, IoT helps in reducing the overall carbon footprint of buildings, which is essential for the evolution of smart, sustainable cities and homes. 

Smart Sensors Redefining IAQ Monitoring:

In 2024, the advent of cutting-edge smart sensors is at the forefront of IAQ monitoring. These intelligent devices go beyond traditional monitoring methods, offering real-time data on various air quality parameters. From tracking pollutants to monitoring humidity levels, smart sensors provide a comprehensive view of indoor environments, empowering businesses to proactively address potential issues.

IoT Integration for Seamless Connectivity:

The rise of IoT is seamlessly integrating IAQ monitoring into the broader realm of smart building management. Connected sensors and devices communicate in real-time, enabling a holistic approach to indoor air quality control. This interconnectedness not only facilitates efficient data collection but also allows for automated responses to maintain optimal air quality levels.

Comprehensive Solutions for Commercial Spaces:

Commercial indoor spaces, ranging from offices to manufacturing facilities, are increasingly adopting comprehensive IAQ monitoring solutions. These solutions offer a multi-faceted approach, encompassing pollutant detection, ventilation control, and personalized insights into efficiency measurements.

This year marks a notable shift towards proactive strategies, where businesses leverage advanced technologies to create healthier and more productive environments for their occupants, which, in turn, results in an increase in employee productivity a reduction in sick days and an overarching cost savings associated with their workforce.

Real-Time Analytics Driving Informed Decision-Making:

The integration of real-time analytics is a game-changer in IAQ monitoring. Businesses can now access immediate insights into air quality trends and anomalies, enabling them to make informed decisions swiftly. This proactive approach not only addresses potential issues promptly but also enhances overall operational efficiency and cost savings.

User-Friendly Interfaces for Enhanced Accessibility:

As IAQ monitoring becomes more sophisticated, user-friendly interfaces are key to ensuring accessibility for all stakeholders. Intuitive dashboards and mobile applications provide users with easy access to IAQ data, allowing them to monitor and manage air quality parameters effortlessly.

Sustainability and Energy Efficiency:

In line with broader sustainability trends, IAQ monitoring solutions in 2024 emphasize energy efficiency. Smart sensors and IoT technologies contribute to optimizing HVAC systems, ensuring ventilation and air quality controls can continually be optimized to achieve minimal energy.

2024 is poised to be a pivotal moment in the evolution of IAQ monitoring technologies for commercial spaces. With the integration of smart sensors, IoT connectivity, and a focus on comprehensive solutions, businesses can proactively create healthier and safer indoor environments.

As we navigate the future, these technological trends not only enhance the well-being of occupants but also contribute to the broader goals of sustainability and efficiency in commercial spaces, while creating visibility to technological ROI. Stay tuned as we witness the transformative impact of IAQ monitoring technologies in shaping the way we perceive and manage indoor air quality.

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